|
Birdland is a jazz club started in New York City on December 15, 1949. The original Birdland, which was located at 1678 Broadway, just north of West 52nd Street in Manhattan,〔Kenneth T. Jackson: ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'': The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; 1995, p. 110.〕 was closed in 1965 due to increased rents, but it re-opened for one night in 1979.〔 A revival began in 1986 with the opening of the second nightclub by the same name that is now located in Manhattan's Theater District, not far from the original nightclub's location. The current location is in the building next to ''The New York Observer'' headquarters. ==The original Birdland (1949–65)== 1678 Broadway, below the street level Irving Levy (1923–1959), Morris Levy, and Oscar Goodstein – along with six other partners – purchased the venue in 1949 from Joseph "Joe the Wop" Catalano.〔Nick Talevski, ''Knocking on Heaven's Door: Rock Obituaries'', pps. 368–369, Omnibus Press (2006) ISBN 9781846090912 ISBN 1846090911〕 They adopted the name "Birdland" to capitalize on the popularity of their regular headliner Charlie "Yardbird" Parker, who, at that time, had been enjoying undisputed popularity as a jazz artist.〔〔 The club was originally scheduled to open on September 8, 1949, but this was put back to December 15 following difficulties in getting a liquor license. The opening night was "A Journey Through Jazz", consisting of various styles of the music up to that point, played by "Maxie Kaminsky, Lips Page, Lester Young, Charlie Parker, Harry Belafonte, Stan Getz, and Lennie Tristano, in that order."〔 Parker, in reality, played very few jobs at Birdland, not because he was troublesome (from drug addiction), but, according to Gene Ramey, Goodstein said, "He was continually wanting money." Ramey had persuaded Goodstein to let Parker perform at Birdland with his band on a pair of Monday nights in 1954.〔Douglas K. Ramsey, ''Jazz Matters: Reflections on the Music & Some of Its Makers,'' pg. 118 University of Arkansas Press (1989) ISBN 1557280606 ISBN 9781557280602 ISBN 1557280614 ISBN 9781557280619〕 The neon sign at the front of the club read, "Birdland, Jazz Corner of the World". The venue seated 500 people and had space for a full orchestra. It had a long bar, tables, booths, and a fenced-in bullpen — a drinkless area, nicknamed "the peanut gallery," where teenagers were sometimes allowed to watch. Irving Levy and Morris Levy were the main owners but the club was operated by Oscar Goodstein, who took tickets and tended the bar.〔John Szwed, ''So What; The Life and Times of Miles Davis'', pg. 92, Simon & Schuster (2001) ISBN 0684859823 ISBN 9780684859828 ISBN 0434007595 ISBN 9780434007592 ISBN 0684859831 ISBN 9780684859835〕 The name was carried through into the feature of caged finches inside the club.〔 The venue attracted other jazz musicians who also made recordings there.〔 This includes Art Blakey's 1954 two-volume ''A Night at Birdland'', most of John Coltrane's ''Live at Birdland'' and the Toshiko - Mariano Quartet's ''Live at Birdland''. Dizzy Gillespie, Thelonious Monk, Miles Davis, Louie Bellson,〔Bellson discusses his experience with Stephane Grappelli at Birdland on the album notes for ''Stephane Grapelli with Phil Woods and Louis Bellson,'' of the Who's Who in Jazz series, recorded 22-September, 1987.〕 Bud Powell, Johnny Smith, Stan Getz, Lester Young, and many others made appearances. George Shearing's standard "Lullaby of Birdland" (1952) was named in the club's honor. The club's original master of ceremonies, the diminutive, four feet tall Pee Wee Marquette, was notorious for mispronouncing the names of musicians if they refused to tip him. The disc jockey Symphony Sid broadcast live on WJZ early in the club's existence.〔 During the 1950s, Birdland also became a fashionable place for celebrities to be seen, with Frank Sinatra and Ava Gardner, Gary Cooper, Marilyn Monroe, Sugar Ray Robinson, Marlene Dietrich, Joe Louis, Judy Garland and others as regulars. Irving Levy was stabbed to death at the club in 1959. His younger brother, Morris, took over Irving's role in the club, and from 1959 through the early 1960s, the club enjoyed great success as one of the few remaining jazz clubs in the area. Chapter 11 bankruptcy (June 1964) In June 1964, Birdland filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in New York Federal Court. Goodstein was president of the club at the time. Creditors included Goodstein himself ($22,490), NLP Restaurant ($12,275), and Gerry Mulligan ($3,500), who had been booked through International Talent Associates. In an effort to stem losses in 1964, Birdland started booking jazz artists that played a more traditional style of jazz, rather than the "way-out" artists.〔"Bankrupt NY Birdland Reports $103,778 in the Red", ''The Washington Afro American'', p. 14, June 30, 1964.〕 In 1965, Goodstein closed Birdland. The premises was taken over by Lloyd Price, an R&B and rock-and-roll singer who re-dedicated the venue and named it the Turntable.〔''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', edited by Stanley Sadie & John Tyrrell, Grove (2001) ISBN 1561592390 ISBN 9781561592395 ISBN 0333608003 ISBN 9780333608005 ISBN 0195170679 ISBN 9780195170672〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Birdland (New York jazz club)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|